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Interactions between Dopamine and Melatonin Organize Circadian Rhythmicity in the Retina of the Green Iguana

Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, pab43{at}psu.edu

Manuel Miranda-Anaya

Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903

Wilson McIvor

Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903

Michael Menaker

Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903

Circadian physiology in the vertebrate retina is regulated by several neurotransmitters. In the lateral eyes of the green iguana the circadian rhythm of melatonin content peaks during the night while the rhythm of dopamine peaks during the day. In the present work, the authors explore the interaction of these 2 neurotransmitters during the circadian cycle. They depleted retinal dopamine with intravitreal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and measured ocular melatonin content in vivo throughout 1 circadian cycle. The circadian rhythm of ocular melatonin not only persisted but increased 10-fold in amplitude. This increase was substantially reduced by the intraocular administration of dopamine. 6-OHDA-treated retinas, unlike those from untreated animals, did not express a circadian rhythm of melatonin synthesis in vitro. To deplete retinal melatonin, the authors pinealectomized iguanas and blocked retinal melatonin synthesis by depleting serotonin with intraocular injections of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. In animals so treated, they found that the circadian rhythm of retinal dopamine content was abolished, the levels of dopamine were lowered, and the levels of dopamine metabolites were greatly increased. The data suggest that in iguanas, the amplitude of the circadian rhythm of melatonin synthesis in the eye is suppressed by dopamine while the rhythm of dopamine depends, at least in part, on the presence of melatonin.

Key Words: melatonin • dopamine • retina • circadian • serotonin • pineal

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Journal of Biological Rhythms, Vol. 22, No. 6, 515-523 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0748730407308167


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This Article Abstract Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via Web of Science (3) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Bartell, P. A. Articles by Menaker, M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Bartell, P. A. Articles by Menaker, M. Pubmed/NCBI databases Compound via MeSH Substance via MeSH Hazardous Substances DB DOPAMINE Social Bookmarking                         What's this?