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Circadian Rhythms in Neurospora Crassa: Farnesol or Geraniol Allow Expression of Rhythmicity in the Otherwise Arrhythmic Strains frq 10, wc-1, and wc-2
Tabitha Granshaw
Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093, USA
Michelle Tsukamoto
Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093, USA
Stuart Brody
Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093, USA, sbrody{at}ucsd.edu
In Neurospora crassa, the circadian rhythm can be seen in the bd (band) strain as a series of "bands" or conidiation (spore-forming) regions on the surface of an agar medium. Certain mutations at 3 different genes (frq, wc-1,or wc-2) lead to the loss of the circadian rhythm. In this study, it was found that the addition of 10-4 to 10-5 M of geraniol or farnesol restored rhythmic banding to strains that lack a circadian rhythm due to mutations in any 1 of these 3 genes. These 3 conditionally arrhythmic strains now exhibited robust, free-running conidiation rhythms. Their rhythms were neither temperature-compensated nor obviously sensitive to light, so the full properties of a circadian rhythm were not restored. At 20 °C, in growth tubes, farnesol treatment gave periods of 28, 26, and 22 h for the frq10, wc-1, and wc-2 strains, respectively. Geraniol treatment at 20 °C gave periods of 23, 25.5, and 24.5 h for the frq10, wc-1, and wc-2 strains, respectively. A PRC for temperature pulses (1 h, 20 to 40 °C) for the frq10 strain grown in the presence of geraniol showed strong resetting (type 0), suggesting that a temperature-sensitive oscillator was present. Farnesol and geraniol are related to known intermediates in the steroid (or mevalonate) pathway. These data are interpreted in terms of a 2-oscillator model, in which farnesol/geraniol activate or amplify a remaining oscillator (a postulated frq-less oscillator).
Key Words: Neurospora • circadian rhythms • frq10 • wc-1 • wc-2 • farnesol • geraniol
Journal of Biological Rhythms, Vol. 18, No. 4,
287-296 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/0748730403255934
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