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Robust Circadian Rhythmicity of Per1 and Per2 Mutant Mice in Constant Light, and Dynamics of Per1 and Per2 Gene Expression under Long and Short Photoperiods
Stephan Steinlechner
School of Veterinary Medicine of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
Birgit Jacobmeier
Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
Frank Scherbarth
Haiko Dernbach
School of Veterinary Medicine of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
Friederike Kruse
Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
Urs Albrecht
Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany; Institute for Biochemistry, University of Fribourg, Rue du Musée 5, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; e-mail: urs.albrecht{at}unifr.ch
The Per1 and Per2 genes are components of the mammalian circadian clock. Mutations in these genes alter phase resetting in response to a nocturnal light pulse, and Per2 mutant mice are known to become arrhythmic in constant darkness. We show that under constant light conditions, Per2 mutant mice exhibit robust activity rhythms as well as body temperature rhythms with a period length that is less than 24 h. In Per1 mutants, the period length of both activity and body temperature rhythms is longer than 24 h in constant light. Per1mutants prolong their period length ([.tau]) when illuminance is increased, whereas Per2 mutants shorten their endogenous period. Additionally, the authors show that the circadian pattern of Per1 and Per2 gene expression in mice is modified under different photoperiods and that there is a mutual influence of these genes on their timing of expression. We propose that, in mice, the phase relationship between Per1 and Per2 gene expression might be critical for transducing day length information to the organism. Per1 could be part of a morning oscillator tracking dawn, and Per2 could be part of an evening oscillator tracking dusk.
Key Words: circadian clock • temperature rhythms • depression • mouse mutants • Per1 • Per2
Journal of Biological Rhythms, Vol. 17, No. 3,
202-209 (2002)
DOI: 10.1177/074873040201700303
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