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Journal of Biological Rhythms
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Tales from the Crypt(ochromes)

Russell N. Van Gelder

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Campus Box 8096, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; vangelder{at}vision.wustl.edu; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA

Cryptochromes are a family of flavoproteins found in organisms ranging from Arabidopsis to man. Across phylogeny, these proteins have been used for pleiotropic functions ranging from blue-light-dependent development in plants and blue-light-mediated phase shifting of the circadian clock in insects to a core circadian clock component in mammals. Review of the roles of cryptochromes in model organisms reveals several common themes: Multiple cryptochrome family members within individual organisms have redundant functions; cryptochromes used in photic entrainment pathways of the circadian clock are partially redundant with other photopigments; and cryptochromes may function in circadian phototransduction and core clock mechanisms in the same organism, with different functions in different tissues. The present review summarizes recent research on the functions of cryptochrome in the circadian timekeeping and photic entrainment pathways.

Key Words: cryptochrome • circadian rhythm • blue-light photoreception • nonvisual photoreception

Journal of Biological Rhythms, Vol. 17, No. 2, 110-120 (2002)
DOI: 10.1177/074873002129002401
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