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Daily Rhythms of Fos Expression in Hypothalamic Targets of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in Diurnal and Nocturnal Rodents
Antonio A. Nunez
Psychology Department and Neuroscience Program
Abel Bult
Biology Department, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753
Teresa L. McElhinny
Laura Smale
Psychology Department and Neuroscience Program; Zoology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
Little is known about the differences in the neural substrates of circadian rhythms that are responsible for the maintenance of differences between diurnal and nocturnal patterns of activity in mammals. In both groups of animals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) functions as the principal circadian pacemaker, and surprisingly, several correlates of neuronal activity in the SCN show similar daily patterns in diurnal and nocturnal species. In this study, immunocytochemistry was used to monitor daily fluctuations in the expression of the nuclear phosphoprotein Fos in the SCN and in hypothalamic targets of the SCN axonal outputs in the nocturnal laboratory rat and in the diurnal murid rodent, Arvicanthis niloticus. The daily patterns of Fos expression in the SCN were very similar across the two species. However, clear species differences were seen in regions of the hypothalamus that receive inputs from the SCN including the subparaventricular zone. These results indicate that differences in the circadian system found downstream from the SCN contribute to the emergence of a diurnal or nocturnal profile in mammals.
Key Words: circadian • suprachiasmatic nucleus • activity • diurnal • nocturnal • Fos
Journal of Biological Rhythms, Vol. 14, No. 4,
300-306 (1999)
DOI: 10.1177/074873099129000713
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