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Melatonin and Light Induce Phase Shifts of Circadian Activity Rhythms in the C3H/HeN Mouse

Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611

Margarita L. Dubocovich

Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611

This study examines the effect of light pulses and administration of the pineal hormone melatonin on the circadian activity rhythm of C3H/HeN mice. Mice were housed in constant dark in cages equipped with running wheels. Phase shifts in the circadian rhythm of wheel-running activity were measured following treatment with a 15-min pulse of light (300 lux) or administration of vehicle (ethanol/saline) or melatonin (90 µg, sc). Light treatment induced phase changes in circadian activity rhythms; specifically, delays during early subjective night (circadian time [CT] 12.5 to CT 18.5) and advances during late subjective night (CT 0.5). A single dose of melatonin administered at various CTs had no consistent effect on free-running circadian activity rhythms. By contrast, melatonin administration for 3 consecutive days at the same clock time induced advances in circadian activity rhythms by more than 1 h when the first dose was administered at CT 10 and induced delays in circadian activity rhythms by up to 1 h when the first dose was administered between CT 24 and CT 2. With the caveat that multi- ple melatonin treatments are required to induce phase shifts, the results suggest that the circadian timing system controlling the rhythm of wheel-running activity in the C3H/HeN mouse is responsive to both light and melatonin.

Key Words: C3H/HeN mice • light • melatonin • phase response curve • circadian rhythms • locomotor activity

Journal of Biological Rhythms, Vol. 11, No. 2, 113-125 (1996)
DOI: 10.1177/074873049601100204


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